So if it is legal and appropriate for NSA to back door computerized algorithms: Why not a paper algorithm? Worst-Case, Best-Case, and Average-Case Efficiencies 5. If XOR is represented by X then I think 7 X 5 = 2 not 35 or did I step in a trap? If you wanted, you could combine with a one-time pad and in that case you would not gain anything by having a random order. If the robot has been programmed to recognize these objects and has the necessary sensors (such as a camera or tactile sensors) to gather information about the objects, it should be able to . gling with pencil and paper to work out Sudoku solutions. . On the inner disk, have the characters 0-9, A-Z written clockwise, in-order. http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg22229660.200-maths-spying-the-quandary-of-working-for-the-spooks.html, Anura AES may be around a long time. May 2, 2014 4:10 PM. Variables can let us generalize an algorithm. (Initially, X = 0) P2 takes 3X pens. I can see theoretical value in someone presenting a highly effective pen and pencil encryption algorithm, apparently unbreakable but complete with NSA-supplied back door, for all those charming individuals to use. The advantage is you could use a daily key to start the lagged generator so in effect have three new rotors for each day or message. Coyne Tibbets With all due respect, Handycipher is not simple and the longer the message, the less simple it becomes to decrypt. April 29, 2014 1:43 PM, The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) is a specification for the encryption of electronic data established by the U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in 2001. http://historiadiscordia.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/pud-principia_discordia-00071-Page_00084.jpg, https://www.schneier.com/blog/archives/2014/03/the_continuing_.html#c5351142, http://www.infosecurity-magazine.com/view/34507/nist-says-dont-use-our-crypto-algorithm/, http://www.newscientist.com/article/mg22229660.200-maths-spying-the-quandary-of-working-for-the-spooks.html, Chilean Drug Trafficker Pencil-and-Paper Code, http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/marine/hfvoice.mp3, http://www.nws.noaa.gov/os/marine/hfsitor.wav, http://www.hfunderground.com/wiki/Spy_Numbers_Stations, http://www.nsa.gov/public_info/declass/military_cryptanalysis.shtml, http://www.marshallfoundation.org/library/friedman/riverbank_documents.html, https://michelf.ca/projects/php-markdown/extra/. May 1, 2014 8:05 PM, NOT for actual use, just for fun/educational/hobbyist reasons I wrote a block cipher once. How many times is it performed as a function of the matrix order ? Let one round of your cipher be any polygraphic substitution cipher invented by Felix Delastelle, followed with a permutation of the cipher symbols of the entire message. September 21, 2014 5:51 PM, IF you dont press the reset button within a set time, whatever keys are in the microcontroller are scramble. April 28, 2014 4:44 PM. When this gets screwed up bad things happen in real life. And on iPad Pro, Apple Pencil hover shows you exactly where your Apple Pencil will touch down on your display, so you can write, sketch, and illustrate with even greater precision. April 28, 2014 12:17 PM. (THE NSA IS THE EXCEPTION TO THIS RULE). I rather prefer to think that someone has to work manually to break my s**t rather than to think that every message I send is decrypted in real time with a backdoor-ed super secure super audited protocol. Pencil is also a place to experiment with mathematical functions, geometry, graphing, webpages, simulations, and algorithms. At least a hundred years. This personal website expresses the opinions of none of those organizations. Whats often called metadata is the valuable information, sadly taken as fact [1]. All the steps involved, though not difficult in and of themselves, collectively are a major pain in the junk. vas pup Someone Not sure what you meant by trap. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Sidebar photo of Bruce Schneier by Joe MacInnis. Leap away but dont ask me to join you. That is the problem with multiplication. Gives the ability to control it for all kinds of light and dark writing tasks. While I know what I think about it, Im not a lawyer and cant say if its legal For much less space overhead, and probably even more benefit, you can call Serpent_Encrypt(Twofish_Encrypt(AES_Encrypt(m,k0), k1), k2), which is well-understood. In some countries the requirment for placing wire taps has a very low threshold and makes no distinction between mobile and land line phones. Clive Robinson Matrix pencil. Thank you very much Someone, unfortunately my algo is a simple symmetric algorithm, I will generate a 4 gigabytes long key made of good random numbers which I will put on a DVD, I will encrypt small messages for personal use and Im sure that the mother of the NSA cant break it with brute force or cryptanalysis. Before writing an algorithm for a problem, one should find out what is/are @Stephen Haust: This advice is all over the Schneier-advice link posted by Someone above. This missmatch of cipher strength to the level if security required is far from a new problem, it can be seen in two part systems where a principle would use a simple code book cipher to code a message and then a cipher clerk would superencrypt it using a more complex system. In ancient times, people used the techniques of engraving or etching their writings on hard surfaces like smooth stones, suitable flat wood, and some metallic surfaces. My method in stream-cipher modes probably provides some protection as well since known plaintexts cannot reveal an entire block of output from the cipher. Anura The idea that an algorithm shouldnt be secret and that the strength rest on the keys is old. dont forget to check your pencils for backdoors too. Are we going to use bitwise operations in decimals or the usual maths ? use nested structure to get address of employee. Chapter: Introduction to the Design and Analysis of Algorithms : Fundamentals of the Analysis of Algorithm Efficiency The Analysis Framework 1. A pen can be used for pointing and also for gestures, simple text entry, and capturing free-form thoughts in digital ink. @Anura ok, so if I recap its a bit like having a Vignere cipher where the alphabet is determined by a second letter somewhere in the message. April 30, 2014 10:07 AM, Attributes of ideal pencil & paper algorithm: A start. April 28, 2014 5:14 PM. @herman dont forget to check your pencils for backdoors too. April 30, 2014 12:00 PM. Combine by finding the first character (c0) you are combinging on the inner disk and lining it up with base point on the outer disk, then find the other character (c1) on the inner disk and the output is the matching character on the outer disk. Small, but non-zero. An alternative, less common term is encipherment.To encipher or encode is to convert information into cipher or code. For each of the following algorithms, indicate (i) a natural size metric for. Id like to see a whole subfield of cryptography focus on these. fill k April 28, 2014 7:45 AM, Is this down the same road? April 29, 2014 1:42 PM. Who buried into everybodys mind that showing it to everybody is soo much better? Inexperienced cryptanalysts create insecure designs c)finding the largest. How many times is it performed as a function of the matrix order n? So the simplicity of the algorithm or making it public. Adjust the first and last disk to the next character in the key, wrapping around when you get to the end. http://historiadiscordia.com/wp/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/pud-principia_discordia-00071-Page_00084.jpg, Thoth I would give you an encrypted text of e.g. The algorithm should allow benign devices such as a pocket calculator to accelerate it. April 30, 2014 2:32 PM. I dont think AES is the best cipher available, but to expect any private company to do better is laughable. This is not that I believe that this algorithm is actually secure under the criteria used for real block ciphers, but those criteria are obviously not applicable to manual encryption, anyway, because of the low upper bound on total ciphertext generated. , Anura It would be tedious, but its already on the slim side as far as security margin goes, and anything simpler is probably insecure. The algorithm should support few rounds as each round takes time & produces more paper evidence. And in 10 years that will be small. Software can not be certified as free of error + used systems / procedures can be tampered with. What is its basic operation? Almost everyone knows how to do basic additions, subtractions, divisions and multiplications. As far as Im aware there is only one pen and paper cipher that could be simply remembered that is (publicaly) known to have stood upto state level attack and the main reason for this appears to have been insufficient usage to give the attackers sufficient depth to get a break. How is Alice and Bob going to communicate securely even if Lilith is watching them in the park ? You can then use random frequency variation within individual messages to statistically sort the column and row intersections with the diagonals, and then from there you can use proximity analysis to extend and sort rows and columns. Add/subtract without carry is the general form and is easier for people to use. April 28, 2014 12:47 PM. c. finding the largest element in a list of n numbers. Normal maths (not bitwise) is more effective as anyone can do multiplications whereas bitwise method makes it more true to the sense of bitwise ciphers. Try to find a implementation on Google, most of the old pages have been deleted or are on untrustable sources. NEVER, EVER TRUST A PROPRIETARY OR SECRET ALGORITHM. So you can design something practical, and focus on the perofrmance and quality, without having to worry about security. @Eris: And the best thing about the cipher is that it becomes even harder to decrypt with increasing message length, which is truly a unique feature. In this case the keystream character would be c0. In this section, we outline an interesting algorithm for multiplying such numbers. And with the typical short messages that can be encoded by hand, distributing sufficiently sized OTPs isnt much harder than, say, a properly keyed Solitaire deck. The intention is to put traceable watermarks on documents to act as canaries if people try to leak the documents. http://www.nws.noaa.gov/om/marine/hfvoice.mp3, and here is a SITOR transmission: Clearly, if the adversary is (in) your ISP you are screwed. Personally I believe that xoring with 666 its safer than that, and probably the vulnerability (if any) is in public libraries or in the random number generator. This kind of thing has been going on throughout history. If it does not need to be a pencil and paper I would take a rubics cube and write the message on the outside. @Nick P on it. Step 3: Connect or relate information in Step 2 to get an equation to solve to find what's needed in. which is the simplest sorting algorithm that works by repeatedly swapping the adjacent elements if they are in wrong order. I know that one of the things that realy scares police level intel organisations is the use of burner phones or internet cafes, especialy when coupled with anonymous messages and strong cipher systems. Why making the algorithm public, how about paying some crypto-companies to make a private custom audit? Ensso XS Mini Fountain Pen. 1. A particular case is a linear matrix pencil with where and are complex (or real) matrices. Pen verb The take away message was that there is only one level when it comes to secrecy and that is it has to be strong enough for any level of traffic irrespective of other factors. There is no legal or technological barrier to coding your own implementation from scratch using the public specification and being completely compatible with other implementations (though Id strongly advise against it, unless you have an advanced knowledge of timing and side-channel attacks). (iii) The total cost of pens and pencils is $27. For each of the following algorithms, indicate (i) a natural size metric for its inputs, (ii) its basic operation, and (iii) whether the basic operation count can be different for inputs of the same size: a. computing the sum of n numbers b. computing n! Classic approaches are brute force methods or paper-and-pencil methods (Crook [2] ). Each ship at sea sends one of these every six hours and land based stations Whilst these are adiquate for their intended purpose, the Dunning-Kruger effect can come into play and some people will use the same simple techniques for secrecy where an attacker would be expected by an otherwise uninvolved observer to have both time and ability to break such a simple system. The library? Many published algorithms are insecure I had a pencil and paper design a couple months ago that I was going to offer a small prize for breaking (it was intended to be breakable without knowing the algorithm, provided you had enough plain texts), and now I cant remember any details. Guaranteed unbreakable (if done right). April 28, 2014 11:04 AM. We must not transfer the message (the content) in one piece, as it was in the good old days. Collect all of the papers and place them in a box or basket. Expanding on your points, what are the primitives should be best used ? Again, using one time pad or modifying solitaire to use cipher disks would probably be ideal. Let's look at multiplication, as an example. There exist several papers dealing with algorithms for solving Sudoku. A pencil is erasable. Friday Squid Blogging: New Squid Exhibit at the Monterey Bay Aquarium. (iii) For inputs of the same size, the fundamental operation count is the same. Here's the sequence of steps: 6 times 4 is 24 write the 4 carry the 2 6 times 2 is 12 If you distribute any software to the public that encrypts data, the algorithm will be publicly known anyway, so why not let it be studied by the cryptography community first? Lets design simple encryption algorithms so they can be cryptanalyzed for safety no, really! Given the word games they play, I wouldnt be surprised if they scan for things that look like coded messages just to keep things on their radar to see if they should be looking into it. Pen and Pencil algorithm for multiplying two n-digit decimal integers: (i) For its inputs, n is the natural size metric. An algorithm is a sequence of computational steps that transform the input into a valuable or required output. I caught an omission (8) in the list of single-bit and zero values to avoid mapping the highest frequency characters (E,T,A,O). However it does make the old grey cells think about malware and other types of recycling and what would be required to use it as a potential attack vector. @Eris funny glad that someone sorted this out. Since prehistoric times, humans have tried to mark their stories and presence with the help of some tools. Consider a polygon algorithm that defines a variable n to be the number of corners: n = 6 # n is the number of corners. However on playing with it we discovered that if you print a QR code with it some smartphones see it and respond to it which with a chat over a pub lunch gave rise to some quite evil posabilities. I wouldnt trust my current designs security at all despite me being its creator. This one right here: David in Toronto April 28, 2014 9:36 AM. The interesting fact about Sudoku is that it is a trivial puzzle to solve. April 29, 2014 8:03 AM, About ten years ago a non-techie acquaintance asked me if I knew a simple way to encode short messages so that nobody could break them. Key exchange remains your weak point (and side channels) but at least you dont have to worry about a backdoor in your algorithm. To emulate the block ciphers, I have been looking at basic mathematics and I guess one of the most efficient maths that can be emulate block cipher operations of AND, XOR and SHIFT would be mathematical + , X and of course table shifts. David in Toronto For each of the algorithm,indicate1.a natural size metric for its input,2.its basic operation,and 3.whether the basic operation count can be different for inputs of the same size: a)computing the sum of n numbers b)computing n! Who will trust them? Its not like they have field agents. Lets assume Lilith is always under constant vigilance. Encrypt the OTP using AES (or whatever) BTW DES might still be around if it werent for open scrutiny. With trap I meant a problem of understanding your use of XOR between my ears . I could samizdat my reprints into a blog, using a scanner if theres sufficient interest. April 29, 2014 2:01 PM. b. computing n! This sorting reflects the different kinds of technology that are commonly available as alternates to paper and pencil. April 28, 2014 9:31 AM, Why not just use the Super Secret Cypher if youll be doing it by hand? April 28, 2014 8:55 AM. https://www.schneier.com/crypto-gram-9810.html#cipherdesign, leveragedbuyout Pencil noun An aggregate or collection of rays of light, especially when diverging from, or converging to, a point. Im gonna make some more personal considerations. Pen input refers to the way Windows lets you interact directly with a computer using a pen. In most cases its not a full-fledged attack that comes to mind; its just an approach or a vector or an awareness of something in the hands of the cracker that isnt statistically uniform but thats what breaks are made of. Ive came up with an interesting short message pencil-and-paper encryption exchange protocol (SMSPP) based on modified Bifid cipher. May 2, 2014 10:31 AM. Thus when a mobile is in that juresdiction a software based tap can be placed into the mobile SIM, however it continues to work even when the mobile is taken from that juresdiction into another where the placing of such a tap would either be illegal or have a much higher level of judicial oversight. Not trusted is an opinion, but unless its obvious, some people may disagree. We now understand how the NSA got to firewalls, and solutions I might buy. Sorry I dont buy the well-known metaphor only genius cryptologist can design good algorithms, so lets all use NSA algorithms because they are designed by genius and they are public and nobody has broken them so far. As has been noted multiple times before, OTP trades the difficult, but well understood problem of algorithm design for the nearly impossible and poorly understood problem of continuous key distribution and secrecy. Repeat rounds as needed (i.e., depending on desired security level). Michael. May 5, 2014 10:04 AM, @Ray Friedmans Military Crytanalyis books can be found at http://www.nsa.gov/public_info/declass/military_cryptanalysis.shtml, Theres a memo on the Riverbank books at http://www.marshallfoundation.org/library/friedman/riverbank_documents.html as well as some other interesting links. 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Bay Aquarium by repeatedly swapping the adjacent elements if they are in wrong order case is trivial... Need to be a pencil and paper I would take a rubics cube and the! X27 ; s look at multiplication, as it was in the park and no... Alternates to paper and pencil following algorithms, it is unlikely that his design will be.... Matrix pencil with where and are complex ( or whatever what is pen and pencil algorithm BTW DES still! //Historiadiscordia.Com/Wp/Wp-Content/Uploads/2014/04/Pud-Principia_Discordia-00071-Page_00084.Jpg, Thoth I would take a rubics cube and write the message the. Character in the key, wrapping around when you get to the.! Certified as free of error + used systems / procedures can be used pointing! Quality, without having to worry about security free-form thoughts in digital ink lets design simple algorithms. Matrix pencil with where and are complex ( or whatever ) BTW DES might still be around if werent... Custom audit is laughable the simplicity of the same road simple text entry, and focus the... A very low threshold and makes no distinction between mobile and land phones... When this gets screwed up bad things happen in real life are brute force methods or paper-and-pencil methods ( [. Collectively are a major pain in the good old days 5 = 2 not or... On Google, most of the what is pen and pencil algorithm order n is old a cube...