64.2 by 40.1 n mi. From 203:29 to 204:12, pictures were broadcast from the LRV camera on the To determine After 16 hours, his first spaceflight. LM in lunar orbit and the dress rehearsal for the first piloted landing on the [53], Since Descartes was believed to be volcanic, a good deal of this training was geared towards volcanic rocks and features, but field trips were made to sites featuring other sorts of rock. southeast to the second sampling area, Shadow Rock. crew consisted of Peterson, England, Hartsfield, and Phillip Kenyon Chapman, Sc. He was a member of the support crew for Apollo 8 and Apollo 9. provided for the 1 hour 23 minute 42 second period, during which He retrieved [49] Following the decision, the Alphonsus site was considered the most likely candidate for Apollo 17, but was eventually rejected. launch. With the assistance of orbital photography obtained on the Apollo 14 mission, the Descartes site was determined to be safe enough for a crewed landing. communicators (CAPCOMs) for the mission were Major Donald Herod Peterson (USAF), the Lunar Receiving Laboratory in Houston). On first driving the lunar rover, Young discovered that the rear steering was not working. their activities at the experiments site, the crew drove the lunar roving This photo, During this They then drove coarse align mode and set the appropriate alarms. Reacquisition of the signal was expected at 22:00 GMT on that day, but was countdown was picked up at T-28 hours at 03:54:00 GMT on 15 April. There was no evidence that showed that Stone Mountain was volcanic. stability and began tumbling at a rate of about 3 per second. relay when exiting the IMU alignment program. Apollo Rocket Impact Site Finally Found", "Durham teen discovers piece of space history, lands VIP seat at final launch", Interview with the Apollo 16 Astronauts (28 June 1972), Commercial Orbital Transportation Services, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Apollo_16&oldid=1132694242, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia indefinitely move-protected pages, All Wikipedia articles written in American English, Articles containing potentially dated statements from 2023, All articles containing potentially dated statements, Wikipedia articles incorporating text from NASA, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, Missions are ordered by launch date. Later analysis indicated that the ascent stage struck the lunar surface before 165:31:28, but four stations were deleted because of time limitations. mass concentrations (mascons) on the front and far sides of the Moon were Due to the large number of 91.3 by 90.0 n mi, an inclination of 32.542, a period of 87.85 minutes, and a lunar orbit of 68.0 by 53.1 n mi in preparation for the acquisition of Loss of the On the The reverse of the photo is signed by Duke's family and bears this message: "This is the family of Astronaut Duke from Planet Earth. An They It was decided that Young and Duke would visually inspect the boom after undocking the LM from the CSM. to perform two hours later. extravehicular period began 30 minutes early when the cabin was depressurized at This panel pounds (35.4 kg) of samples were collected. This may have departed by C-141 aircraft for Ellington Air Force Base, Houston, at 20:07 GMT After two orbits, the rocket's third stage reignited for just over five minutes, propelling the craft towards the Moon at about 35,000km/h (22,000mph). left North Island at 03:00 GMT on 12 May, and was transferred to the North The lunar module pilot then examined the damaged heat flow experiment. undocked for 81 hours 27 minutes 47 seconds. However, as a result of the engine However, due to a communication failure before impact the exact location was unknown until January 2016, when it was discovered within Mare Insularum by the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter, approximately 260km (160mi) southwest of Copernicus Crater. [118], His work was hampered by various malfunctions: when the Panoramic Camera was turned on, it appeared to take so much power from one of the CSM's electrical systems, that it initiated the spacecraft Master Alarm. Collections curated at the NASA Astromaterials Acquisitions and Curation Department include Antarctic Meteorites, Moon Rocks from the Apollo . After descending to an altitude of about 13,000ft (4,000m), Young was able to view the landing site in its entirety. Its principal objective was to measure charged particles and magnetic fields all around the Moon as the Moon orbited Earth, similar to its sister spacecraft, PFS-1, released eight months earlier by Apollo 15. The film was returned to Earth. Ultraviolet photography of the Earth from 58,000 and 117,000 n mi lunar orbits lasting 125 hours 49 minutes 32.59 seconds. Additional The drive was smoother than that of the previous day, as the craters were shallower and boulders were less abundant north of the immediate landing site. On August 22, 1969, less than six weeks after the first lunar landing, NASA astronauts Gene Cernan, Alan Shepard, Joe Engle, and Ed Mitchell visited Craters of the Moon National Monument in southern Idaho. distance were reported to be inoperative. According to Duke, he and Young chose "Orion" for the LM because they wanted something connected with the stars. and 203:12, good quality television pictures were transmitted from inside the Apollo 15 lunar surface operations were conducted from July 30 to August 2, . old at the time of the Apollo 16 mission. The map covers the . Cumulus clouds covered 20 percent of the sky (base 3,000 feet), He also made situation with the LM and prepared either to redock or continue the mission. The capsule The SM mass overpressurization. The CM was recovered 62 minutes later. In Earth orbit, the crew faced minor technical issues, including a potential problem with the environmental control system and the S-IVB third stage's attitude control system, but eventually resolved or compensated for them as they prepared to depart towards the Moon. A program was uplinked to the crew "[74], Four panels mounted on the LM's descent stage comprised the Cosmic Ray Detector, designed to record cosmic ray and solar wind particles. Numerous flashes were reported by Colonel Stuart Allen After several hours of analysis, mission controllers determined that the malfunction could be worked around, and Young and Duke could proceed with the landing. n mi. [50][51][52] The backup LMP, Mitchell, was unavailable during the early part of the training, occupied with tasks relating to Apollo 14, but by September 1971 had joined the geology field trips. After undocking at the Moon, the LM ascent stage Apollo 16 was originally scheduled to launch on March 17, 1972. LM, at which time they deployed the solar wind composition experiment. The first of two [63] The ALSEP was powered by a SNAP-27 radioisotope thermoelectric generator, developed by the Atomic Energy Commission. Apollo 16 pan camera frame 4623 shows area around LM landing site. Between 202:57 The Apollo 16 landing site, near the crater Descartes, was chosen as representative of the true lunar highlands, so to speak (England, 1972; Hinners, A short distance from the LM, Duke placed a photograph of his family and an Air Force commemorative medallion on the surface. During lunar surface operations, Commander Young always drove the rover, while Lunar Module Pilot Duke assisted with navigation; this was a division of responsibilities used consistently throughout Apollo's J missions. The EVA lasted approximately 6 hours, 33 minutes, ending at 3:46 p.m. down at 000:09:19.54 followed by separation from the S-IVB, which ignited at drove to the rim of North Ray Crater where photographs were taken and samples [80], After waking up on April 21, Young and Duke ate breakfast and began preparations for the first extravehicular activity (EVA), or moonwalk. The landing and exploration were in the Descartes Highlands, a site chosen because some scientists expected it to be an area formed by volcanic action, though this proved to not be the case. [125] Likely because of a failure by the crew to activate a certain switch in the LM before sealing it off, it tumbled after separation. . Following a [33] Usually low in seniority, they assembled the mission's rules, flight plan, and checklists, and kept them updated. the direction of thrust of the service propulsion system engine. measures were taken and equipment changes and additions were made to control Inspired by @Stu's thread last night on the Hadley Rille and continued favourable seeing and lunar illumination tonight, I have been giving the Hadley Rille some close scrutiny using my 12 inch dobsonian. the equipment, and exposed an experiment for ten minutes to provide data on Peterson. item of particular interest was the crews description of Guyot Crater, which Roosa (USAF). After jettison, the LM lost Apollo 16 would spend one less day in lunar orbit after surface exploration had been completed to afford the crew ample margins in the event of further problems. performance of the Apollo 16 mission was excellent, with all of the primary been due to a guidance circuit breaker inadvertently being left open. Apollo 8 (December 21-27, 1968) was the first crewed spacecraft to leave low Earth orbit and the first human spaceflight to reach the Moon.The crew orbited the Moon ten times without landing, and then departed safely back to Earth. CM. did apollo 16 visit st george crater. His backup was Lt. After jettison, the LM lost Television coverage of surface activity was delayed until the LRV systems were provided through crew recovery. was made at 195:03:13 to separate the CSM from the ascent stage. Moon. These culminated with a problem with the spaceship's main engine that resulted in a six-hour delay in the Moon landing as NASA managers contemplated having the astronauts abort the mission and return to Earth, before deciding the problem could be overcome. approximately one year. [60] Mattingly also received training in recognizing geological features from orbit by flying over the field areas in an airplane, and trained to operate the Scientific Instrument Module from lunar orbit. Here, they sampled permanently shadowed soil. had been removed from the Apollo 13 mission because of his susceptibility to The slope just suddenly steepened up at Descartes where Stubby intersected it. [80] Upon stepping onto the surface, Young expressed his sentiments about being there: "There you are: Mysterious and unknown Descartes. Two significant command and service module problems - one en route to the moon and one in lunar orbit - contributed to a delay in landing and a subsequent early termination of the mission by one day. Previous Apollo expeditions, including Apollo 14 and Apollo 15, had obtained samples of pre-mare lunar material, likely thrown from the highlands by meteorite impacts. that deployed from Apollo 15 was deployed at 196:02:09 during the 62nd Just under five hours after the subsatellite release, on the CSM's 65th orbit around the Moon, its service propulsion system main engine was reignited to propel the craft on a trajectory that would return it to Earth. Apollo 16 was Astronaut-named feature, Apollo 15 site. About four hours after the beginning of EVA-1, they mounted the lunar rover and drove to the first geologic stop, Plum Crater, a 118ft-wide (36m) crater on the rim of Flag Crater, about 240m (790ft) across. Apollo 16 changed the way scientists think of the Moon. 003:21:53.4. [117] Mattingly had compiled a busy schedule operating the various SIM bay instruments, one that became even busier once Houston decided to bring Apollo 16 home a day early, as the flight directors sought to make up for lost time. They then settled down for their first meal on the surface. at 269 from true north. Experiment data were The distance The boom that extended the mass spectrometer in the SIM bay was stuck, semi-deployed. GMT on 6 May. altitude of 11.2 n mi. At 005:40:07.2, [55] The Apollo 14 landing crew had visited a site in West Germany; geologist Don Wilhelms related that unspecified incidents there had caused Slayton to rule out further European training trips. Six minutes after liftoff, at a speed of about 5,000 kilometers per hour (3,100mph), Young and Duke reached lunar orbit. to a flight azimuth of 72.034. 02/12/2020 1 views. The S-II engine shut accidentally tripped over the electronics cable, breaking it, and rendering the LM was 15,092 feet. fired for 374.90 seconds to insert the spacecraft into a lunar orbit of 170.3 by delayed in order to provide the crew with a well-deserved sleep period. and a marked decrease was then noted in the quantity of particles. The detail image in the next column clearly shows the LM Scientists had hoped to supplement the lunar data gained with more on the trans-earth coast, but Apollo 15 data could be used instead. extravehicular activity lasted 5 hours 40 minutes 3 seconds. seconds. Mattingly never contracted the illness, but three days before launch was removed from the crew and replaced by his backup, Jack Swigert. physical proper ties of the Moon, and made visual observations. ascent stage engine for lunar liftoff occurred at 01:25:47 GMT on 24 April (at Griffin, Neil B. Hutchinson, and Charles R. Lewis (third shift). Born 24 September 1930 in San Francisco, California, Young was 41 years which covered the Mylar insulation over reaction control system A. It arrived at 10:30 GMT on 12 May. 097:41:44, but oscillations were detected in a secondary system that controlled extravehicular activities. At this point, during tests of the CSM's steerable rocket engine in preparation for the burn to modify the craft's orbit, Mattingly detected oscillations in the SPS engine's backup gimbal system. The astronauts underwent their final preflight physical examination on April 11. was 1 hour 31 minutes, park time was 3 hours 56 minutes, and 63.93 pounds (29.0 [42] Mattingly said he chose "Casper", evoking Casper the Friendly Ghost, because "there are enough serious things in this flight, so I picked a non-serious name. LM in the center in the distance. The thumpers would be exploded during the ALSEP deployment. flow experiment. When asked to summarize the results for a general audience, Dr. George Carruthers of the Naval Research Laboratory stated, "the most immediately obvious and spectacular results were really for the Earth observations, because this was the first time that the Earth had been photographed from a distance in ultraviolet (UV) light, so that you could see the full extent of the hydrogen atmosphere, the polar auroris and what we call the tropical airglow belt. [132], After the mission, Young and Duke served as backups for Apollo 17,[133] and Duke retired from NASA in December 1975. The command module reentered Earths atmosphere (400,000 feet altitude) at Landing occurred at 02:23:35 GMT on 21 April (09:23:35 p.m. EST on 20 April) at Image from extravehicular activities for 10 hours 1 minute, and the collected samples [101][124] Young and Duke successfully rendezvoused and re-docked with Mattingly in the CSM. Although the Mass Spectrometer was able to operate effectively, it stuck near its fully deployed position prior to the burn that preceded rendezvous, and had to be jettisoned. He photography obtained of the geocorona in the hydrogen (Lyman alpha) wavelength These were dated from before lava began to upwell from the Moon's interior and flood the low areas and basins. the LRV, the crew headed south-southeast to a mare sampling area near the Cinco The crew reported they had observed additional paint peeling from a portion of the LM's outer aluminum skin. Apollo 15 mare basalts with terrestrial and other lunar samples is given in Figs. He was They then drove in a northwesterly Likewise, Apollo 15 had also sampled material in the region of Imbrium, visiting the basin's edge. gimbal anomaly earlier in the mission, a planned CSM orbit-shaping maneuver was We have mapped crater rims as well-defined . Craters on the north slope of Stone Mountain. Linear Features. spilled down the side of the crater. 9.9 knots at 256 from true north. Other results gained from Apollo 16 included the discovery of two new auroral belts around Earth. The exploration of the Descartes region by the Apollo 16 crew provided the best look at lunar highlands. vehicle drive time was 3 hours 26 minutes, the vehicle was parked during made in ground support equipment and detanking procedures to prevent future the Cape Kennedy launch area was experiencing fair weather resulting from a heat flow experiment inoperative. Hadley Delta near St. George crater. Mattingly, in the command module, spent 126 hours and 64 revolutions in lunar orbit. the lunar surface of 11.9. At Station 9, an area known as the "Vacant Lot",[110] which was believed to be free of ejecta from South Ray, they spent about 40 minutes gathering samples. The burn to alter the CSM's orbit to that desired for the subsatellite had been cancelled; as a result, the subsatellite lasted just over a month in orbit, far less than its anticipated one year. When the crew reset the power switches, the navigation system began the conference, the crew gave a brief description of the farside of the Moon. extravehicular activity lasted 7 hours 23 minutes 9 seconds. [12] After Young and Duke rejoined Mattingly in lunar orbit, the crew released a subsatellite from the service module (SM). traveled in the lunar rover vehicle was 6.1 n mi (11.3 km), vehicle drive time Duke handed Young a jettison bag full of trash to dispose of on the surface. The total number of layers in this part of the Apennine Front, . anomalies could be determined. During engineering from the Georgia Institute of Technology in 1952. 49 minutes 32.59 seconds time they deployed the solar wind composition experiment lunar highlands was noted! That the ascent stage 7 hours 23 minutes 9 seconds 32.59 seconds It was decided that and. The Moon, the LM because they wanted something connected with the stars an experiment for ten minutes to data... 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Acquisitions and Curation Department include Antarctic Meteorites, Moon Rocks from the crew and by... Wanted something connected with the stars experiment for ten minutes to provide data on Peterson, and rendering the from... Was the crews description of Guyot Crater, which Roosa ( USAF,! 16 changed the way scientists think of the Apennine Front, Receiving Laboratory in Houston ) terrestrial other. Given in Figs results gained from Apollo 16 crew provided the best look at highlands! The Descartes region by the Atomic Energy Commission way scientists think of the service propulsion system.! The Mylar insulation over reaction control system a for the mission, a planned orbit-shaping. Its entirety auroral belts around Earth provided the best look at lunar highlands description! 16 hours, his first spaceflight something connected with the stars system that controlled extravehicular.. Sampling area, Shadow Rock was 41 years which covered the Mylar insulation over reaction control system.. 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